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Place of publication:
Infectious diseases, 2020, T. 18, No. 2, P. 97–102

Summary:
The article presents a review of the data that with a disease caused by COVID-19, along with impaired respiratory functions of the lungs (bronchoalveolar epithelium does not withheld oxygen, etc.), the level of hemoglobin and its ability to transfer oxygen to organs and tissues of the body, it decreases, the level of hema rises; Anokemia, oxygen starvation of organs and tissues of the whole organism and oxidative stress develops. Mexol, which was created in Russia, is widely used in medical practice, including diseases accompanied by ischemia and hypoxia. Mexol has an antihypoxic, antioxidant effect, the ability to restore mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and, thus, affects key, basic processes in the cellular structures of the body and tissues of the body that occur in various hypoxic conditions. Mexidol can be useful in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. Key words: Covid-19, antioxidant, antihypoxant, hemoglobin, hypoxia, oxygen starvation, mexidol, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress.

Authors:

L.V. Stakhovskaya ¹ , N.A. Shamalov ¹ , DR Khasanova ² , E.V. Melnikova ³ , A.S. Agafin ⁴ , K.V. Golikov ⁵ , E.I. Bogdanov ⁶ , A.A. Yakupova ⁶ , L.V. Roshkovskaya ⁷ , L.V. Lukin ⁸ , T.M. Lokstanova ⁹ , I.E. Patrunenova ¹⁰ , L.A. Shchepankevich ¹¹

¹ Research Institute of Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov »Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia;
² Igauz "Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center", Kazan, Russia;
³ St. Petersburg GBUZ "City Hospital No. 26", St. Petersburg, Russia;
⁴ St. Petersburg GBUZ "City Hospital No. 40 of the Resort Administrative District", St. Petersburg, Russia;
⁵ St. Petersburg GBUZ "City multidisciplinary hospital No. 2", St. Petersburg, Russia;
⁶ FSBEI in Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan, Russia;
⁷ St. Petersburg GBUZ "Nikolaev Hospital", St. Petersburg, Russia;
⁸ GBUZ "Vsevolozhsk Clinical Interdistrict Hospital", Leningrad Region, Russia;
⁹ Mubz "City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov ", Samara, Russia;
¹⁰ GBUZ "Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavina ”, Samara, Russia;
¹¹ FGBNU "Scientific Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine", Novosibirsk, Russia.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2017, No. 3, issue 2

Summary:
Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prolonged sequential therapy with Mexidol with patients with hemispherical ischemic stroke (AI) in acute and early recovery periods. Material and methods. 151 patients (62 men and 89 women) were included in the randomized double-centered placebo-controlled multicenter placebo-controlled in parallel research groups, 150 patients (62 men and 88 women) aged 40 to 79 years are randomized. Patients by simple randomization were distributed to 2 groups: patients of the 1st group received therapy with Mexidol of 500 mg/day intravenously for 10 days, followed by 1 tablet (125 mg) 3 times a day for 8 weeks. Patients of the 2nd group received a placebo according to a similar scheme. The duration of participation in the study was from 67 to 71 days. Results. At the time of the end of the therapy, the average score on the modified scale of Rankin (MSHR) was lower in the 1st group than in the 2nd (p = 0.04). The dynamics of reducing the average score according to MSHR (1-5th visit) was more pronounced in the 1st group (p = 0.023). The proportion of patients who have reached the recovery corresponding to 0-2 points in MSHR (5th visit) was significantly higher in the 1st group (p = 0.039). When testing on a stroke scale of the National Institute for Health to the 5th visit, the average value was lower in the 1st group (p = 0.035). A decrease in the score on the stroke scale of the National Institute for Health at the time of the end of the course of therapy regarding the initial level in patients with diabetes was more pronounced in the 1st group (p = 0.038). In the 1st group in the general population of patients and subpopulation of patients with diabetes, the dynamics of improving the quality of life was more pronounced and was observed from the 2nd visit. The proportion of patients with the lack of problems in space was significantly higher in the 1st group (p = 0.022). There were no reliable differences in the frequency of unwanted phenomena in patients of both groups. Conclusion. It is recommended that the use of Mexidol in the acute and early recovery periods of AI is recommended. Keywords: acute cerebrovascular accident, mexidol, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, effectiveness and safety, ischemic stroke, acute period, early recovery period, epic.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2024, T. 124, No. 4, Issue. 2

Summary:
arterial hypertension (AG) is a leading risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including with the development of cerebrovascular complications. The lesion of the brain as an agricultural organ is manifested by a stroke and/or vascular cognitive impairment (SKN) of varying degrees of severity. In order to identify and assess the severity of SKN, patients with AH need to conduct a neuropsychological examination, and to verify the vascular nature of disorders - neuroimaging. For the prevention and treatment of KN, along with antihypertensive therapy, the use of neuroprotectors plays an important role, among which ethylmethydlhydroxypirinate is a serious evidence base (reference drug - Mexol). Keywords: arterial hypertension, cognitive disorders, cerebrovascular disease, neuroprotection, ethyl -methylhydroxypyridine succinate, Mexidol.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2024, T. 124, No. 3

Summary:
Purpose of the study. Assessment of the effect of consecutive therapy with Mexidol preparations (injections of 500 mg intravenously for 14 days) and Mexidol Forte 250 (tablets 250 mg 3 times a day for 60 days) for higher cortical functions in patients with moderate cognitive disorders (Ukrainian) in chronic ischemia brain (chem). Material and methods. In a comparative prospective study, 63 patients with Khim with Ukrainian are included. All patients received basic therapy aimed at reducing risk factors (antihypertensive, antitrobotic drugs). Patients of the main group (OG, N = 30, 12 men, 18 women) received Mexidol intravenously 500 mg per 100 ml of a 0.9% solution of NACL once a day for 14 days, then Mexidol Forte 250 to 250 mg 3 times a day for the next 60 days. The comparison group (GS) compiled 33 patients (14 men, 19 women) who received only basic therapy. Investigated the cognitive status (the MOCA scale, the frontal dysfunction battery, the memorization test of 10 words), the severity of asthenia (the MFI-20 scale), anxiety and depression (HADS scale), the patient’s assessment of state dynamics (CGI-Maintenance scale) at 1, 14 and 74 -y ± 5 days. Patients in the 1st and 74th ± 5 days of observation were examined by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TKMS) in order to study the neuronal activity of the cerebral cortex. Results. At the time of completion of treatment, a pronounced regression of UKR was noted (growth on the Moca 3 score scale, the difference with GS 1 point, p <0.0001; the tests of the frontal dysfunction batteries - 4 points, the difference with GS 2 points, p <0.001; the memorization test test 10 words - 2 points, the difference with GS 1 point, p <0.05), emotional (Hadss Alarm scale - 8 points, difference with GS 3 points, p <0.001, hads depression - 3.5 points, difference with GS 1 , 5 points, p <0.01), asthenic (scale MFI-20-30 points, difference with GS 15.5 points, p <0.01), improving the well-being of patients (CGI-speed scale-2 points, difference with GS 1 point, p <0.0001). According to the TKMS, a statistically significant decrease in the central motor time at the level of both motor motor neurons is bilaterally from the moment therapy (p <0.01) is determined. The reverse correlation of the time of the central motor conduct and the results of the tests of the frontal dysfunction battery for left -sided localization of the first motor neuron (p <0.01) was revealed. Conclusion. The results of the study of therapy with Mexidol drugs at 500 mg iv 1 time per day for 14 days, followed by the oral administration of Mexidol Fort 250, 1 tablet 3 times a day for 60 days indicate its clinical efficiency and safety in patients with Khim with UKR , and also confirm its significance for the prevention of the progression of the disease. Key words: chronic brain ischemia, moderate cognitive disorders, Mexidol, MOCA scale, frontal dysfunction, transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2024, T. 124, No. 2

Summary:
Purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of the drug Mexidol in patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke in the vertebral-baslar system (IIVBS).

Material and methods. The open randomized comparative study was attended by 52 patients, of which 32 were received by Mexidol (main group, OG) and 20 - standard therapy without the use of neuroprotective drugs (comparison group). Assessment of the severity of the clinical manifestations of IIVBS was carried out using the Hoffenberth scale, the severity of the stroke was estimated on the NiHSS scale, the degree of disability of patients after the stroke used the Rankin scale, a neuropsychological study of patients was carried out using the Montreal scales for evaluating cognitive functions (MOCA), a hospital of anxiety and depression scale (depression ( HADS), asthenication scales (MFI-20), assessment of the quality of life of patients was carried out using the EQ-5D questionnaire.

Results. The use of Mexidol in the form of prolonged sequential therapy in patients of the OG led to a decrease in the severity of the clinical manifestations of IIVBS by 53.3%, a neurological deficit on the NIHSS scale by 59.5%. By the end of the course of therapy by Mexidol, 96.9% of patients coped with their own affairs without outside help, which was accompanied by the regression of emotional disorders and an increase in the quality of life of patients.

Conclusion. The early appointment of Mexidol in therapy of patients with IIVBS can be considered the most justified, since it contributes to an earlier and significant decrease in neurological deficiency and improve the quality of life of patients.

Keywords: cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic stroke in the vertebral-baslar system, vertebral-baslar failure, neuroprotective therapy, Mexidol.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2024, T. 124, No. 1

Summary:
Purpose of the study. Conduct a meta -analysis of the effectiveness of Mexidol therapy in patients with chronic ischemia of the brain (chemical) and mild (moderate) cognitive disorders (KR).

Material and methods. This meta -analysis includes the results of research on the effectiveness of Mexidol with the Kyrgyz Republic, the severity of which was evaluated on the MOCA scale. The assessment of the combined effect included all publications based on the results of independent clinical studies, in which data assessments were presented at the Moca scale at a level sufficient for further statistical analysis. The main result of the meta -analysis was obtained for the final values ​​of the effectiveness indicator in groups of patients receiving Mexidol, in comparison with groups of basic therapy.

Results. The meta -analysis includes the results of 10 prospective clinical studies of the effectiveness of Mexidol against the background of basic therapy in patients with chemical and mild (moderate) cr. The main group was 482 patients, the comparison group was 455. When using the statistical model of random effects, the size of the effect was 2.06 points, 95% of the CI for the difference in efficiency in two groups - [0.98; 3.14 points] (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion. The statistically significant improvement in the cognitive functions of patients with chemicals against the background of the use of Mexidol was demonstrated.

Keywords: chronic brain ischemia, cognitive disorders, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, mexidol, treatment.

¹ FSBEI in "First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlova "of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia;
² Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence FGAOU in Baltic Federal University named after Immanuel Kant ”, Kaliningrad, Russia;
³ FSBVOU in the "Military Medical Academy named after CM. Kirova »Ministry of Defense of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2023, T. 123, No. 12, Issue. 2

Summary:
Purpose of the study. A systematic assessment of information published in the reviewed publications on the effect of therapy with Mexidol with the course and outcome of ischemic stroke (AI) in adult patients.

Material and methods. The meta-analysis includes 11 studies published in Russian (2-randomized controlled, 9-incomeized unraveling cohort studies).

Results. Data was obtained indicating the positive effect of Mexol's drug on the course of AI in adult patients: statistically significant, when comparing with the comparison group, a decrease in the NIHSS scale on the 7-10s and 21-24 days and the values ​​of the modified Rankin scale by 5- 7th and 10-14th day. The accumulative effect of the drug is shown: the difference in values ​​on the NIHSS scale grows as the observation duration increases. The effect of Mexidol’s influence on the indicators on the NIHSS scale is all the more significant, the greater the initial severity of the neurological deficit.

Conclusion. The heterogeneity of the design and characteristics of patients led to significant statistical heterogeneity, and therefore the evidence presented at the time of writing the review require further study, taking into account the emergence of new data.

Keywords: ischemic stroke, neuroprotection, Mexidol, ethyl-methylhydroxypyridine succinate, meta-analysis, NIHSS scale, modified Rankin scale, cerebrovascular diseases.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2023, T. 123, No. 11

Summary:
a review of the literature on the relationship of cognitive disorders (KN) with arterial hypertension (AH) is presented. The pathogenetic mechanisms of AH are associated with the development of cerebral microangiopathy. In antihypertensive therapy (AGT), disorders of the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow should be taken into account with cerebrovascular disease and critical stenosis of large brain arteries, especially in patients over 80 years old. The importance of AGT, focused on the level of cerebral perfusion pressure, the severity of KN and the physical functioning of patients, is emphasized. Neurocytoprotective therapy is recommended for the correction of KN.

Key words: arterial hypertension, cognitive disorders, antihypertensive therapy, cerebral perfusion pressure.

Place of publication:
Medical alphabet, 2023, No. 21

Summary:
Purpose of the study. To study the effect of Mexidol ^® and Mexidol ^® Fort 250 on cognitive status of patients with post -shoe syndrome. Material and methods. 112 patients aged 24–60 years (55 men and 57 women) were examined, which were divided into two groups: the main one - 76 people with a confirmed coronaviral infection with symptoms that served as the basis for the diagnosis of post -icing syndrome (PKS), and control control - 36 people who have not painted coronavirus infection. Patients underwent a neurological and general somatic examination. For the study of cognitive functions, a brief scale for assessing the mental status (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE) and a battery of tests for evaluating frontal dysfunction (Frontal Assessment Battle) was used. Memory was evaluated by the results of the subtest “memory” of khops, tests “10 words” and visual memory. The level of attention was investigated by the Schulta test and in the test “Verbal associations”, visual-spatial functions were evaluated using the clock test test. To correct the identified disorders, Mexidol ^® according to the scheme 500 mg times a day daily intravenously for 14 days with the subsequent transition to Mexidol Fort ^® 250 to 750 mg per day (one tablet 250 mg three times a day) for 2 months. Results. Patients with post -shoe syndrome were characterized by cognitive heterogeneity: in the structure of cognitive disorders they had lungs (46.0 %) and moderate (36.8 %) cognitive disorders. The course of treatment with Mexidol led to a decrease in the severity of the cognitive symptoms of the PKS. High efficiency and safety of prolonged sequential therapy with Mexidol (injections, then the tablet form Mexidol ^® Forte 250). Keywords: post-shoe syndrome, coronavirus infection SARS-COV-2 New, Cognitive Disorders, Mexidol ^® .

¹ FGAOU VO "First Moscow State Medical University named after THEM. Sechenov »Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
² FGAOU in Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov »Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia;
³ Russian gerontological scientific and clinical center of the FGAOU in the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov »Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2023, T. 123, No. 10

Summary:
the article discusses the possibilities of pharmacotherapy of vascular moderate cognitive disorders in various age groups. The results of a double blind randomized clinical examination of MEMO using an antioxidant and anti -hyphyxant drug Mexidol are given. Using a set of tests for evaluating cognitive functions, the high efficiency of the sequential purpose of the parenteral and oral form of Mexidol in each of the three analyzed groups is shown: 40-60, 61-75 and 76-90 years. In all age groups, Mexidol demonstrated a high security profile.

Key words: vascular moderate cognitive impairment, chronic brain ischemia, antioxidants, Mexidol.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2023, T. 123, No. 9

Summary:
the problem of pharmacotherapy of elderly and senile age is currently extremely relevant due to the aging of the population and the growth of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. One of the most serious problems of an elderly person is the development of a cognitive decline due to cerebrovascular pathology. However, in elderly patients, a large number of comorbid diseases are often observed, which leads to the difficulties of the diagnosis and conduct of these patients, and often to the development of polypragmasis, which can lead to a deterioration in functional status, cognitive impairment, side reactions and drug interactions. In addition, older patients may observe changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics due to anatomical and physiological invoices. At the same time, drugs whose effectiveness and tolerance were evaluated precisely in elderly and senile patients, relatively few. In a randomized clinical examination of consistent parenteral and oral therapy, Mexidol's patients with moderate cognitive disorder of vascular genesis confirmed the positive effect of this therapy on various domains (cognitive, emotional, vegetative, motor) of chronic cerebrovascular disease, which allows us to recommend it for the use of elderly elderly elders. and senile age.

Keywords: vascular cognitive disorders, elderly patient, pharmacotherapy, ethylmethylhydroxyperidine succinate, Mexidol.

Place of publication:
cardiology and cardiovascular surgery, 2023, T. 16, No. 4

Summary:
Purpose of the study. Assessment of the effect of Mexidol, as part of the complex therapy of heart failure for 10 weeks on cognitive status, quality parameters, asthenic syndrome and anxiety level in patients with XN II-III functional class (according to NYHA classification). Material and methods. An open randomized study included 60 comorbide patients with coronary heart disease (coronary heart disease) and stable chronic heart failure (COL) with cognitive disorders (KN) ≤24 points on the Montreal scale for evaluating cognitive functions (MOCA). The average age of patients was 73.4 ± 8.6 years, 53% - male, the average release fraction of 43.5 ± 10.6%. 30 patients were included in the standard therapy group with the additional purpose of Mexidol (500 mg intravenously dropped 1 time per day for 14 days, then 250 mg 3 times a day 8 weeks) and 30 patients in a standard therapy group. Initially and at the end of the study, an assessment of the effect of therapy on the cognitive status of patients on the Montreal scale of assessment of cognitive functions (Mosa), anxiety level on the Bek scale, the degree of severity and the dynamics of asthenic syndrome on the subjective scale of astheny assessment (MFI-20), and health profiles according to the questionnaire was carried out EQ-5D-5L and quality parameters based on the results of the Essence on the Minnesotsky (MlHFQ), Kansas (Kansas City CardiOMYOPATHY QUESTIONNAIRA, KCCQ) and the SF36 questionnaire “Evaluation of the quality of life”. Results. In patients who received Mexidol, in addition to standard therapy, a reliable improvement of cognitive function by 21%was revealed, a decrease in anxiety-by 38%and the severity of asthenic syndrome-by 12%, improve the overall health of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire-by 25%by 25% , as well as the qualities of life according to the Minnesotsky questionnaire - by 48%, according to the Kansas questionnaire - by 39%. Conclusion. Mexidol, when adding to standard therapy of patients with XN II-III, functional class, reliably improves cognitive status, quality parameters, reduces the severity of asthenic syndrome and anxiety level. Key words: heart failure, cognitive status, quality of life, Mexidol.

¹ FSBEI in Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo, Russia;
² GBOUZ "Kuzbass Clinical Cardiological Dispensary named after Academician L.S. Barbarash ", Kemerovo, Russia

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2023, T. 123, No. 3

Summary:
Purpose of the study. Studying the effectiveness and safety of consistent therapy with Mexidol preparations (500 mg 1 time per day for 14 days in/c) and Mexidol Fort 250 (Mexol Fort 250 by 250 mg 3 times a day, 60 days) in patients with chronic brain ischemia ( Chem) on an outpatient basis.

Material and methods. The open comparative study included 56 patients aged 46–74 years (average - 60.5 ± 7.9 years). In all patients, the diagnosis of Khim was confirmed by clinical and neuroizialization methods. Patients of the 1st group (n = 28) received basic therapy and Mexidol, the 2nd group (n = 28)-only basic therapy.

Results. Against the background of therapy in patients of the 1st group, there was a statistically significant improvement in the state of cognitive functions, a decrease in the severity of the symptoms of depression and anxiety, and manifestations of asthenia. The treatment was characterized by good tolerance, the absence of undesirable phenomena and cases of drug interactions.

Conclusion. Consistent therapy with Mexidol and Mexidol Forte 250 ensures the relief of the main clinical manifestations of chemicals, is characterized by good tolerance and safety.

Keywords: chronic brain ischemia, arterial hypertension, ethylmethylhydroxypyrididine Succinate, Mexidol, Mexidol Forte 250.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2023, T. 123, No. 3, Issue. 2

Summary:
Covid-19 development is associated with damage to various organs and systems of the body, including the development of acute ischemic stroke (AI). The article discusses modern ideas about the pathogenesis of AI at the Covid-19. The data on the choice of optimal therapy of patients with COVID-19 and acute AI, as well as the possibility of increasing the efficiency of rehabilitation measures, are analyzed. Information about the effectiveness of the use of the drug Mexidol in patients with COVID-19 and AI is given. Key words: ischemic stroke, Covid-19, treatment, rehabilitation, Mexidol.

Place of publication:
neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2023; 15 (2): 19–26

Summary:
chronic cerebrovascular pathology is manifested by a combination of cognitive, emotional and autonomic disorders. The correct timely assessment and accurate diagnosis of emotional and autonomic disorders and their timely correction are also important for slowing down the progression of cognitive deficiency.

The purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness and safety of the use of Mexidol, prescribed intravenously (500 mg 1 time per day) within 14 days, with the subsequent oral administration of the drug Mexidol Forte 250 in a dose of 250 mg 3 times a day for 60 days in middle patients with medium -sized patients with chronic ischemia of the brain (HIGM) against the background of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Material and methods. The open observation program included 60 patients aged 45 to 59 years with HIGM confirmed by the results of neuropsychological and neuroimaging examination, who received Mexidol in the beginning of intravenously (14 days), and then in the form of a tablet form - Mexidol Forte 250 (60 days) . Patients conducted neuropsychological testing, assessment of the level of reactive and personal anxiety (Spielberger-Khanin scale), the nature of vegetative support (the scale of the Vegetative reactions of A.M. Wein in the modification of V.L. Golubev), the severity of general, mental and physical asthenia (MFI- questionnaire 20) and qualities of life (questionnaire MOS SF-36).

Results. The results of the treatment made it possible to establish the relief of asthenic syndrome and autonomic disorders against the background of the use of Mexidol. The differences were statistically significant in nature both in comparison with the initial level, and when comparing with the control group (p <0.05). The use of Mexidol was accompanied by a decrease in the severity of complaints and subjective symptoms. The totality of positive effects has led to an increase in indicators characterizing the state of quality of life (p <0.05). Treatment was characterized by good tolerance.

Conclusion. Patients with HIGM have significant emotional, vegetative and asthenic disorders. The use of Mexidol allows you to reduce the severity of these disorders, which gives reason to recommend it to treat such patients.

Keywords: chronic brain ischemia; arterial hypertension; atherosclerosis; cognitive disorders; vegetative disorders; asthenia; Mexidol; Mexol Forte 250.

¹FGAOU in Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov »Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia;

²FSBI "Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnology" of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia;

³FSBI “Scientific Center for Expertise of Medical Application” of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia;

⁴FGAOU in "First Moscow State Medical University named after THEM. Sechenov ”of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;

⁵FGBNU "Federal Scientific Center-the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences ”, Moscow, Russia;

⁶GBU "Research Institute of Health and Medical Management" of the Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russia;

⁷GBUZ "City Clinical Hospital named after M.P. Konchalovsky "Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russia

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2023, T. 123, No. 1

Summary:
the value of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of ischemic (AI) and hemorrhagic (gi) stroke is considered. The role of OS in the development of programmable cell death, an increase in the permeability of the hematoencephalic barrier, the activation of astro- and microglia, and local inflammation is shown. The issues of neuro and cytoprotheiation and their broadcasting into clinical practice are considered. Examples of experimental and clinical studies show the effectiveness of the continued administration of a multimodal neurocytoprotector with an antioxidant effect - ethylmethydlhydroxypyridine of succinate (Mexidol) in the acute and early recovery periods of AI and GI.

Keywords: stroke, reperfusion, oxidative stress, programmable cell death, apoptosis, ferroptosis, hemoglobin, neuroprotection, ethylmethylhydroxypirinate, mexidol.