Library

Summary:
acute respiratory diseases or, as it is customary to name them, acute respiratory infections (Ori) is an urgent problem of modern medicine, especially during periods of sharp fluctuations in the temperature and humidity of the environment, when the traditionally expected incidence of influenza and other visual or mixtures increases sharply .

By the beginning of 2013, the share of people aged 65 and older amounted to an average of about 13%in Russia, and in some regions - 28%. It is predicted that in the global structure of the population by 2050 it will be 22%. In Russia, by the beginning of 2021, an increase in the number of people aged 65 years and older to 22.9 million people, 80 years and older - 5.5 million people are expected; 100 years and older - 7266 people. The fastest growing group of population in economically developed countries is 80 years of age and older.
The data of evidence -based medicine on the effectiveness and safety of drugs (drugs) in the elderly are extremely limited, since the age> 65 years remains one of the main criteria for non -inclusion in randomized controlled studies (RCTs).
Meanwhile, the effectiveness and safety of therapy in elderly patients can differ significantly from those in middle and young people, which is associated with age -related changes in physiology, leading to changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs.
Other factors that complicate pharmacotherapy in elderly people include: “fragility” (frailty), somatic and mental comorbidity and polypragmasia associated with it, social factors (loneliness, helplessness, poverty), low learning and low commitment to treatment.

Target. To study the cognitive status in elderly patients with arterial hypertension observed in clinical conditions.

Material and methods. The study included 356 patients; The average age is 74.9 ± 6.1 years, 80.4% of them are women. To evaluate cognitive functions before and after treatment, neuropsychological testing using MMSE - a brief scale for assessing mental status was performed; watch drawing test; The test of literal and categorical associations.

Results. In the group of patients <80 years, the severity of cognitive disorders by MMSE correlated with blood pressure (blood pressure): for systolic blood pressure (r = -0.22, p = 0.0003), for diastolic blood pressure (R = -0,13, p = 0.03), i.e. In patients with higher blood pressure, low points were noted on the scale of assessing the cognitive status based on the results of the correlation analysis of Spearman. While in group ≥80, both correlations were insignificant, for systolic blood pressure (r = -0.05, p = 0.64), for diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.13, p = 0.25).

Conclusion. Patients of elderly and senile ages with arterial hypertension should have a differentiated approach to the level of blood pressure depending on age and the presence of cognitive disorders, an integrated approach to therapy in these patients can prevent further progression of cognitive status worsening.

Key words: arterial hypertension, cognitive impairment, dementia, elderly.

Target. To study the factors that determine the commitment of optimal therapy of elderly patients with chronic heart failure (COM) observed on an outpatient basis.

Material and methods. In an open, comparative simultaneous, incomplete study, 80 patients with heart failure at the age of ≥60 years were included. The comparison group consisted of 40 patients (18 men and 22 women) with diseases of the cardiovascular system without heart failure. Patients were evaluated by the Comorbidity index, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters, a 6-minute walk test, cognitive status, adherence to treatment, and a two-photon X-ray absorption was carried out. The criteria of senile asthenia was considered the presence of 3 signs according to the Frail scale (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, Loss of Weight).

Results. The committed treatment was 40% of patients with heart failure and 75% - comparison groups (p <0.001). In a single-factor analysis, a relationship of adherence to treatment with the level of cognitive status by the Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaire is established-the ratio of chance (OS) 1.5; 95% confidential interval (DI) 1.2-1.9 (p <0.001), senile asthenia-Osh 3.5; 95% DI 1.3-9.5 (p = 0.011), osteoporosis-Osh 2.98; 95% DI 1.0-8.9 (p = 0.050), Cherlson coomorbitability-Osh 1.21; 95% DI 1.0-1.5 (p = 0.050).

Conclusion. 40% of outpatient patients with heart failure at the age of ≥60 years were committed to treatment. Multiple concomitant pathology, impaired cognitive status, osteoporosis, senile asthenia have a negative effect on commitment to the treatment of older people with heart failure.

Key words: commitment to treatment, elderly age, heart failure, senile asthenia, osteoporosis.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a factor in the risk of acute and chronic vascular diseases of the brain. Oxidizing stress developing under these conditions contributes to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalous arteries, which makes it necessary to correct the identified pathobiochemical disorders. The use of antioxidant drugs in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and MS helps to reduce such manifestations of the latter as insulin resistance, hyperthyglyceridemia, hyperglycemia. The article presents the results of studies of Mexidol in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases against the background of atherosclerosis and MS, demonstrating good prospects for the use of drug compounds of this group with the aim of comprehensive correction of various links in the pathogenesis of developing pathology.

A high level of glucose in the blood with a hypoxic-ischemic state is one of the main factors that determine the degree of brain damage. The consequence of a hyperglycemic-ischemic state is an increase in the formation of active forms of oxygen and impaired functioning of the endogenous antioxidant system. To compensate for the forming cerebrovascular disorders against the background of a combination of ischemia and diabetes, drug treatment must be used. The most effective tools are antioxidants from the group of
2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyrididine derivatives.
Key words: brain ischemia, phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, diabetes mellitus, neuropathy, free radicals.

Summary:
the prevalence of diabetes (diabetes) of the 2nd type and metabolic disorders preceding it reached the scale of the epidemic. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of micro- and macro-vascular complications in patients with diabetes. The accumulation of free radicals is responsible for the activation of pathological biochemical ways responsible for the development of systemic and vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulation and ischemic conditions. Since damage to the vascular and nervous systems is not leveled even with adequate control of glycemia, comprehensive pathogenetic treatment strategies are needed. One of the mandatory components of the complex therapy of complications of diabetes is the use of antioxidant therapy using the drug Mexidol.

The purpose of the study. To study the effect of Mexol's drug on the level of factors regulating neurogenesis.

Material and methods. The study is performed on Wistar rats. Focal cerebral ischemia was reproduced by endovascular occlusion-repertension of the right middle brain artery according to the J. Koizumi method (1986). The duration of occlusion was 60 minutes. During the start of reperfusion of animals, saline or Mexidol at a dose of 50 mg/kg were once introduced once intravenously. After 4, 8 hours and 24 hours after the start of reperfusion in the ischemic hemisphere, the relative number of molecules regulating neurogenesis was estimated by Western-Blot. Additionally, 24 hours after the start of reperfusion, the size of the cerebral infarction was analyzed after painting with a 1% solution of 2.3.5, -rypheniltetrazoli.

Results. When modeling occlusion-reperture of the medium brain artery, the volume of necrosis in the affected hemisphere of animals, which was introduced by the physiological solution, was 37.75 ± 7.46%, the administration of Mexidol at a dose of 50 mg/kg led to a decrease in necrosis to 20.48 ± 2.33% (p = 0,0006). Modeling Occlusion-Reperterposition of the middle cerebral artery was accompanied by the activation of neurotrophic factors IGF-1, NGF and vascular factor of VEGF. A single intravenous administration of Mexidol at a dose of 50 mg/kg during reperfusion was accompanied by a more significant increase
in the level of neurotrophic factors IGF-1, NGF, BDNF and VEGF in the ischemized area of ​​the brain compared to the introduction of saline, which leads to an increase in neuro-regeneration for all surveillance periods (4, 8 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours and 24 hours After reperfusion), the marker of which is tubulin-3.

Conclusion. The results indicate that Mexidol not only has a protective effect on neurons, but can also stimulate neuroregeneration, increasing the level of basic regulatory molecules.

Keywords: Mexidol, ethylmethylhydroxypirinate, acute cerebrovascular disorders, neurogenesis, hematoencephalic barrier.

Authors:

AI Fedin

Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologi I Psikhiatrii Imeni SS Korsakova, Vol. 124, no. 10, pp. 35–40, October,
2024. Original Article Submitted September 9, 2024. Accepted September 16, 2024.

Place of publication:
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 55, no. 3, march, 2025

Summary: This Report Presents New Data on the Development of Oxidate Stress (OS) In Chronic Headache (HA). The Main Biochemical Characteristics of OS Are Pressented. Changes in Mri Spectroscopy and Biochemical
Marcers Confi Rmsing the Development of OS in Migraine Ar Described. The Absence of Signifi Cant Differences in Measures of OS in Migraine with and Without Aura Is Emphasized. Pathophysiological Differences Between Migraine and Chronic Tension Headache, In Which OS is not Detected, Are Demonstrate. Possible Activation of Trpa1 Ion Channels and Calcitonin Gene-Reled Peptide in OS, Which Provokes Migraine Attacks, IS Discussed. Directions for Drug Correction of OS in Chronic Headache Are Consedered.

Place of publication: Bulletin of ophthalmology / vol. 140, No. 6, 2024

Resume
age macular degeneration (VMD) is a chronic multifactorial degenerative disease of the eyes, which is considered one of the main causes of irreversible blindness around the world. Despite numerous studies, there is no consensus regarding the predominant pathological mechanism leading to the death of photoreceptors. The IDMD is a disease based on molecular and cellular disorders, ultimately leading to the degeneration of photoreceptors. The review article presents the data of foreign and domestic researchers on the study of pathophysiological mechanisms for the development and progression of photoreceptor degeneration, scientific developments are given in relation to modern methods of therapeutic correction of identified disorders, and also presents promising areas of drug neuroretinoprotection, requiring confirmation in clinical studies.

Keywords: age -related macular degeneration, neuroprotection, retinoprotection, peptide bioregulators, antioxidants, ethylmethylhydroxypirine succinate.

Information about the authors:
Vlasova A.S. -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-3393
Petrov S.A. -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-2299
Renzyak E.V. -https://orcid.org/0007-0007-2258-2207
Author responsible for correspondence: Vlasova Anastasia Sergeevna-E-mail: okula-83@mail.ru
How to quote:
Vlasova A.S., Petrov S.A., Renzyak E.V. Neuroprotective therapy for age -related macular degeneration. Bulletin of ophthalmology. 2024; 140 (6): 152–158. https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2024140061152

Place of publication: a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova / vol. 124, No. 12, issue. 2, 2024

Summary of
acute cerebral circulation disorders (ONMK) occupy the second place among the causes of deaths and are the third most important cause of disability. In the structure of the ONMK, ischemic stroke (AI) takes first place. Damage to the substance of the brain during AI is a complex cascade of pathophysiological reactions, including neo -driving, oxidative stress, exaytotoxicity and apoptosis. One of the most actively developing areas of treatment of patients with AI is reperfusion therapy (RT). The use of neuroimagingalization-CT perfusion and MRI has significantly expanded the indications for the RT. One of the possible directions for expanding the capabilities of the Republic of Tatarstan is its joint use with neurocytoprotective therapy, which would increase the efficiency and safety of the RT. The review is devoted to research on the effectiveness of a combination of neurocytoprotheiation and TLT under AI.

Keywords: ischemic stroke, reperfusion therapy, thrombolytic therapy, mechanical thromboembolectomy, reperfusion damage, neuroprotection, cytoprotection, neurocytoprotheiation.
Information about the authors:
Schukin I.A. - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308–9706
I. Koltsov - https://orcid.org/0000-0002–9900-4073
Fidler M.S. - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-521X
Glukhareva A.P. - https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4867–2102
Author responsible for correspondence: I. Schukin -E-mail: ivashchukin@gmail.com
how to quote:
Schukin I.A., Koltsov I.A., Fidler M.S., Glukhareva A.P. The possibilities of neurocytoprotext during reperfusion
therapy. Journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova. 2024; 124 (12 Issue 2): 75–88. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202412412275

Place of publication: psychopharmacology and biological narcology / t. 15, No. 1, 2024

Ryazan State Medical University named after Acad. I.P. Pavlova, Ryazan, Russia

Annotation
relevance. A disorder caused by the use of alcohol (ethanol) is a destructive state in which there is a violation of energy and metabolic processes, as well as the activation of processes of free radical oxidation. That is why the use of antioxidants, in particular the original domestic drug ethylmethydlhydroxypyridine of succinate, is pathogenetically substantiated in the complex therapy of this pathology.
The goal is to study the effectiveness of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine of succinate in intravenous, intramuscular and intravenous methods of introducing ICR mice in modeling alcohol withdrawal.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on healthy, free from the pathogenic flora of mice, outbuilding ICR runoff at the age of 9-10 weeks. In an average mass of 25.4 ± 0.2 g. Alcoholic dependence in animals was modeled with a gradual increase in ethanol in a drinker from 1 to 3, 6, 10 % every 2 days. Upon reaching
a concentration of 10 %, animals were given 1 bottle of alcohol with 1 bottle of water every other day and 2 bottles of alcohol on intermediate days. The position of the bottles (left / right) changed between each access session to alcohol. After 6 weeks of animals, a solution of 10 % alcohol was removed. The introduction of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine of succinate and saline
(control group) 2 times a day for 7 days began. The drug was administered intravenously (50 and 100 mg/kg), intramuscularly (50 and 100 mg/kg) and intravenous (100 and 150 mg/kg).
Results. This study establishes that ethyl methylhydroxypyridine is succinate (Mexidol® with intravenous (50 and 100 mg/kg), intramuscular (50 and 100 mg/kg) and intravenous (100 and 150 mg/kg) administration 2 times a day for 7 days with manifestations of alcohol dependence in alcohol dependence in the mice of
the ICR, possesses a pronounced Pharmacological activity, which is manifested in a decrease in the volume of alcohol consumption, improved horizontal and vertical activity in the “open field” test, improving the coordination of movements, reducing the severity of the withdrawal syndrome revealed in the test to the
nesting . MG/kg), intramuscular (50 and 100 mg/kg) and intravenous (100 and 150 mg/kg) introduction of ICR for mice, have a pronounced therapeutic effect in the modeling of alcohol withdrawal:
ethylmethylhydroxypydine sequisinate; Healthy SPF mice ICR.

How to quote
Yakusheva E.N., Schulkin A.V., Abalenikhina Yu.V. Assessment of the effectiveness of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine of succinate with alcohol withdrawal //
Psychopharmacology
and biological narcology. 2024. T. 15, No. 1. S. 61–68. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17816/phbn625395

Place of publication: physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation / vol. 6, No. 4, 2024

Autonomous non -profit organization "Clinical Institute of the Brain", Berezovsky, Russia

Annotation
justification. The study of the use of pharmacotherapy as an adjuvant component of rehabilitation of patients with acute cerebral failure is of scientific and practical interest.

The purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness and safety of consistent therapy with the drugs of the group for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system in a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with acute cerebral failure in the aspect of the impact on the severity of emotional and cognitive disorders, mobility, the severity of the syndrome of the consequences of intensive care and the implementation of their rehabilitation potential.

Materials and methods . The randomized intervention prospective study of 60 patients with acute cerebral failure, divided into 2 groups, included five visits. Patients of the main group received standard therapy and the drug ethyl hydroxypyridine serpentine (intravenously 500 mg/day, 10 days),
then ethylmethylhydroxypirinate of the forte 250 (1 tablet 3 times/day, 8 weeks); Patients of the control group during the same period received only standard therapy.
Results. Both groups noted a comparable improvement in cognitive functions on the Mosa scale (p <0.001). The statistically significant superiority in reducing the level of anxiety on the HADS scale is shown on visit 4 in the main group compared to the control: 2 [1; 4] and 5 [2.25; 7] points, respectively (p <0.01). A significant increase in the Rivermide index in both groups at all stages of the study (p <0.001) was determined in excess of the value of the median in the main group by 3 points compared to the control for visit 5 (p <0.001). The tendency to the superiority of the main group over the control in terms of the life of the rehabilitation routing scale (SRM; p = 0.053) was combined with statistically significantly smaller number of disabled patients (≥3 points for scraps) than in the control group, to visits 5 (χ2 Yates = 4; P = 0.045). In patients of both groups, the consequences syndrome were determined by the intensive care therapy of a slight severity with a tendency to reduce the number of patients from the 3rd to the 5th visit in the main group compared to the control (χ2 Yates = 3.491; p = 0.062). At the visit 5, the relationship of indicators on the scrap scale and the Rivermide index in patients of both groups (P <0.05) and the SPRM and MOCA scales in patients of the main group (P <0.01) is established. No undesirable phenomena for the period of research were not noted.
Conclusion. The positive effect of sequential therapy of the group’s drugs for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system in the complex rehabilitation program of patients with acute cerebral deficiency on the state of their emotional-cognitive status, the degree of disability, mobility, the severity of the consequences of intensive care and rehabilitation prognosis was demonstrated. A high degree of safety of the study scheme of therapy has been proved.
Key words: acute cerebral failure; ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate; Hads; Moca; MRC; Rivermide index; Scrap; intensive care syndrome; Pits; Rehabilitation potential.
How to quote:
Belkin V.A., Vasilchenko I.E., Belkin A.A. The dynamics of domains of emotional-cognitive and motor disorders in the structure of PIT syndrome
in patients who have undergone acute cerebral failure //

Place of publication:
Bulletin of Ophthalmology, 2024, T.140, No. 4

Summary:
many key aspects of neurodegeneration of ganglion cells of the retina (GKS) with glaucoma are focused on mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding the mechanisms and the relationships between structural and functional changes in mitochondria would be useful for development related to the mitochondria of the therapeutic strategy for the protection of GCS from glaucomone neurodegeneration. The purpose of the study. To find out the degree of severity of mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with primary open -angle glaucoma (POUG) and evaluate the possibility of stabilizing the glaucomic process by improving the functional activity of mitochondria, their energy -forming function against the background of therapy with Mexidol and Mexol Forte 250. Material and methods. The study was involved in 80 patients with a developed stage with compensated intraocular pressure and 20 healthy volunteers. The degree of severity of mitochondrial dysfunction was determined by the level of activity of mitochondrial enzymes: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and α-glycerophosphatedehydrogenase (α-GFDD)-in peripheral blood lymphocytes during cytochemical examination and cytomomorphodenxitis. Patients of the main group received consistent therapy with Mexidol with the following scheme: Mexoling a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration of 50 mg/ml 300 mg per day intramuscularly 1 time per day for 14 days, followed by the purpose of Mexol Forte 250 1 tablet 3 times per 3 times aim Day for 56 days. Stabilization of glaucoma of optical neuropathy against the background of treatment was evaluated using a complex of perimetric, electrophysiological, structural-topographic methods in a period of 14, 56 and 90 days. Results. Against the background of consistent therapy, patients of the main group revealed a significant increase in the activity of mitochondrial enzymes compared with the initial level after 14 and 56 days with smooth regression by the end of the observation period (after 90 days), which was accompanied by an increase in the amount of mitochondria, an increase in their optical density in cytomorphodensitometry. Improving the enzymatic activity of mitochondrial enzymes in a period of 14 and 56 days was accompanied by a positive dynamics of structural-functional retinal indicators according to static perimetry, optical coherent tomography and a complex of electro-physiological studies. Conclusion. The data obtained can be used to optimize therapy for therapy by a decrease in mitochondrial dysfunction and stabilizing the glaucoma of optical neuroopticopathy. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, mitochondrial dysfunction, succinate dehydrogenase, α-glycerophospatdehydrogenase, cytomomorphodenxometry, mexidol.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2024, T. 124, No. 11

Summary:
the article is devoted to an important problem of diagnosis and treatment of children with autonomic dysfunction syndrome (SVD). Information about the evolution of views on the pathogenesis of this state is given. The issues of pathogenesis, classification and clinical manifestations of SVD in patients in childhood and adolescence are covered in detail. The high efficiency of the use of the drug Mexidol was demonstrated in the complex correction and prevention of the manifestations of the SVD, as well as the accompanying psychoneurological disorders in children and adolescents. Key words: vegetative disorders, autonomic dysfunction syndrome, children, Mexidol.

Place of publication: cardiology and cardiovascular surgery / t. 16, No. 6, 2023

FGAOU in Russian University of Friendship of Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba ", Moscow, Russia

Resume

The purpose of the study. To study the influence of Mexidol in the composition of complex therapy on the perception of life by a patient with heart failure (SN).

Material and methods. An open randomized study included 60 comorbide patients with coronary heart disease (coronary heart disease) and stable chronic heart failure (COL) with cognitive impairment (KN) ≤24 points on the Montreal scale of cognitive function assessment (MOCA). The average age of patients was 73.4 ± 8.6 years, 53% - male, the average fraction of the left ventricle is 43.5 ± 10.6%. 30 patients were included in the standard therapy group with the additional prescription of Mexidol (500 mg intravenously drip 1 time per day for 14 days, then 250 mg 3 times a day 8 weeks) and 30 patients in a standard therapy group. Initially and at the end of the study, an assessment of the perception of life was carried out. The survey included 4 main areas: (1) The relative importance of the goals associated with the disease, (2) problems associated with life with heart failure (CH) and taking medications for CH, (3) decision -making process related to drugs for CH, and (4) awareness and fears for available drugs for SH.
Results. The main problems associated with life with SN and the use of drugs from SN all patients, regardless of the treatment group, initially and after 10 weeks of therapy noted the effectiveness of treatment in a decrease in the symptoms of SN, in a decrease in the number of hospitalizations for SN and mortality. Other problems most urgent for patients were shortness of breath, swelling and fatigue, followed by anxiety about the disease, the need to take a large number of drugs, and the inability to do what they wanted. Lastness, patients were disturbed by depression, the inability to work, the need to help relatives, the cost of drugs and the fight against side effects of drugs. The beneficial influence of Mexidol in complex therapy on the patient’s perception with SN is shown. Improving the cognitive status of the patient, against the background of Mexidol treatment, helps to rethink the main treatment goals for more global - the effectiveness of the drug regarding a decrease in mortality, the number of hospitalizations and symptoms of SN, a decrease in the number of factors limiting the life of edema and breaths, and as a result, an increase in the physical activity of the patient. The only limiting factor is the need for a daily use of a large number of drugs and the desire to reduce their number.
Conclusion. There is a discrepancy between patient priorities and awareness of optimal drug therapy, which proved its effectiveness. Patients are poorly familiar with therapy of CH, and those who are familiar are concerned about her safety and efficiency. Long -term sequential therapy with Mexol with the addition of standard therapy in patients with chronic heart failure of the II - III functional class (according to NYHA classification) with moderate disorders of cognitive status, in addition to a reliable improvement in cognitive status and quality parameters, favorably affects the perception of life with heart failure.

Key words: heart failure, cognitive status, quality of life, Mexidol, perception of life.

Information about the authors:
Tolkacheva V.V. -https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-8797
Karapetyan L.V. -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-2393
Khutsishvili N.I. -https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2669-8092
Galochkin S.A. -https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7370-8606
Kazamedov E.R. -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-8933
Kobalava Zh.D. -https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-1768
Author responsible for correspondence: Tolkacheva V.V. -E-mail: tolkacheva-vv@rudn.ru

How to quote:
Tolkacheva V.V., Karapetyan L.V., Khutsishvili N.I., Galochkin S.A., Kazakhmadov E.R., Kobalava Zh.D. The influence of Mexidol in the composition of complex therapy on the perception of life by a patient with heart failure, cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. 2023; 16 (6): 642–651. https://doi.org/10.17116/kardio202316061642