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Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, No. 1, 2013

Summary:
an assessment of the quality of life and anxiety was carried out in 130 patients with coronary heart disease and stable angina pectoris of the II functional class (FC) in the conditions of the City Clinical Hospital No. 4 BuzOO. Clinical and functional indicators in patients with stable angina pectoris, the effect of the disease on their quality of life were studied. The clinical efficiency of the drug 2-ETIL-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine serpicinate (Mexidol) in the complex treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris II FC is evaluated. A differentiated approach to pharmacotherapy has been developed taking into account the level of personality alarm in patients with angina pectoris II FC.

Summary:
Annotation. Chronic brain ischemia (Khim) is one of the most common in the clinical practice of neurological pathological conditions. The goal is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sequential therapy with Mexidol ^® intravenously and Mexidol ^® Fort 250 oral in groups of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and without the aspect of the drug on cognitive functioning, as well as the severity of asthenic, anxiety, autonomic and motor disorders, and Quality of life in a chemical conditions. Material and methods. Within the framework of subanalysis, patients with chemicals were divided into 4 subgroups: 1st-patients with AH who received drugs Mexidol ^® and Mexidol ^® Forter 250 (n = 144); 2nd-patients with AG who received placebo (n = 146); 3rd-patients without hypertension receiving Mexidol ^® and Mexol ^® Fort 250 (n = 15); 4th-patients without hypertension receiving placebo (n = 12). Results. At the end of the observation period, statistically significant differences in the dynamics of the Mosa scale between groups of patients receiving Mexidol ^® and placebo (p = 0,000), indicating the superior effectiveness of the use of Mexidol in the subgroup of patients with AH, were identified. Against the background of therapy with Mexidol ^® , unlike placebo, the median value of the point on the Mosa scale at the end of the observation period reached the level of norm in all patients. When assessing the secondary endpoints of effectiveness, the statistically significant advantage of Mexidol over the placebo in the population of patients with AH at the final visit was achieved by the following parameters: a test of digital characters, an asthenication scale MFI-20, a Bek anxiety scale, a tinetti scale, and a psychological component of health according to the questionnaire according to the questionnaire SF-36. The comparable nature of the safety profile of Mexidol and placebo is established. Conclusion. The results give reason to recommend the long-term consistent use of the drug Mexidol ^® in the complex treatment of patients with hypertension as an instrument for protecting the brain as an organ-canal and means of pathogenetically substantiated therapy of cognitive, emotional, asthenic, vegetative and motor disorders. Keywords: chronic brain ischemia, arterial hypertension, cognitive disorders, ethylmethydroxypirinate, Mexidol ^® , Mexidol ^® Fort 250.

Place of publication:
therapy No. 8 (70) 2023

Summary:
Annotation. Chronic brain ischemia (Khim) is one of the most common neurological pathologies. Its development is affected by many factors, among which arterial hypertension (AH) occupies a special place. Him contributes to cognitive impairment, negatively affects the quality of life and leads to motor and psycho -emotional disorders. In the aspect of the therapy of this condition, an important role belongs to neuroprotectors and, in particular, the use of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine of succinate (Mexol ^® , NPK Pharmasoft LLC, Russia), which has a multimodal effect and confirms its high efficiency in a large number of clinical studies. The evidence base of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine of the succinate, including in the study of Memo, indicates the particularly high effectiveness of the drug among patients with Khim and AG: they have Mexol ^® significantly improves cognitive functions, reduces the level of anxiety and asthenia and improves the quality of life. With this in mind, the drug can be recommended for use in complex therapy of chemicals, especially in patients with AG. Keywords: chronic brain ischemia, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, Mexidol ^® , arterial hypertension, cognitive functions.

Summary
is the purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of consistent therapy with Mexidol and Mexidol Fort 250 compared to placebo in patients with chronic brain ischemia (chemical) of different age -related subgroups. Material and methods. Subanalis of data of an international multicenter randomized double-centered placebo-controlled study of Memo, in which 318 patients (25% of men) aged 40 to 90 (median 60) years participated. The effectiveness of treatment was estimated in three age groups: 40-60 (n = 163), 61–75 (n = 141) and 76–90 (n = 13) years. As the primary final point of efficiency, the axis considered the increase in the dynamics of the amount of points on the MOCA scale in the form of an absolute difference between the amount of points before the start of treatment and on the 75th day of therapy. As a secondary endpoint of efficiency, the speaker was considered by the amount of points on the following questionnaires and scales: a test of digital symbol replacements, a questionnaire for the quality of life of the SF-36, a scale of subjective assessment of asthenia MFI-20, a Vein vegetative impaired questionnaire, a Bek anxiety scale, a thinetti motor activity scale.

Results.

The positive dynamics of the severity of cognitive, emotional and motor disorders in groups 40-60 and 61–75 years after 75 days of therapy was detected in patients who received both Mexidol and placebo, however, in patients receiving Mexidol, these changes turned out to be more pronounced, which indicate the higher values ​​of the absolute difference in the amount of the points of the studied indicators.

Conclusion.

The results of the study have shown that in patients with Khim, a significant improvement in cognitive and motor functions, improving the quality of life, a decrease in the severity of autonomic disorders, asthenia
and anxiety after 75 days of therapy were observed against the background of the use of Mexido compared to placebo. The
results indicate the appropriateness of the use of Mexidol for the treatment of patients of different ages with chemicals.

Key words:

Cognitive disorders, chronic brain ischemia, Mexidol, Mexidol Fort 250, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, examination of memes.

Summary: Emoxypine and Its Succinate Derivative Share a Common Hydroxypridine Structure, Which Is to Pyridoxine. Thus compounds have been Utilized therapeutically and industrially, Owing to the Wide Range of Properties Offorded. This Includes Antihypoxic, Neuroprotective and Cardioprotective Effects, Along with Pharmacokinetic Benefits Such as the Blood Brain Brain Brain, O Wing to Its Relatively Small Size and Low Molecular Weight. IT Was Observed that Emoxypine Exhibited Iron Chelating Property in Vitro, Indicating Its Usage as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy in the Management of Neurodegenerate ONS SUCH ALZheimer's Disease (Ad), As Well as Hematologic Disorders Like Thalassemia and Hemochromatosis. In Addition to this, it has been Observed to Exert Antioxidant Effect, TheFore, It May BE Considered for the Amelioration of Disoraders Resulting From Free Radical Injury. Studies on Its Mechanism of Action and Implications on Cellular and Molecular Levels Would Help To Further The Understanding of Its Benefits, AS Soles Proospects for For Novel Applications. The Primary Focus of this Review is to dress on the Broad SPACTRUMACOLOGICAL Properties Offered BY Emoxypine and Its Succinate Derivative, and To HIGHHLIGHT THE Cope for An Increased Number of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trite Assess Its Safety and Efficacy. In Addition to this, The Highlights of this Article Include the Recent Patents Field and Scope for Novel Applications of these Agents.  Keywords: NeuroinflamMation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Iron Overload, Mexidol, Acute Kidney Injury, Cerebrooprotection

Summary:
Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of consistent therapy with the drug Mexidol intravenously and Mexidol Forte 250 orally in patients with chronic brain ischemia.

Material and methods. In the international multicenteric randomized double-blind-controlled study, 318 patients with a chemical place from 40 to 90 years are included in 15 clinical centers, located in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Patients were randomized in 2 groups, patients of the 1st group received Mexidol intravenously 500 mg once a day for 14 days, then Mexidol Forte 250 was prescribed orally 250 mg 3 times a day for the next 60 days; Patients of the 2nd group received placebo in a similar mode. As the primary criterion for effectiveness, the average value of the change in the point on the MOCA scale was chosen at the stage of completion of the study by the patient compared to the initial level.

Results. Upon completion of the study between the 1st and 2nd groups, reliable differences were identified by the result of the MOCA scale (p <0.000001). The lower boundary of 95% of the trust interval for the difference in the average indicators of the main criterion for the effectiveness between the 1st and 2nd groups was 1.51, which allows the higher efficiency of the use of Mexidol. According to the secondary endpoints, a statistically significant advantage over the placebo at the final visit was achieved by the following parameters: a test of digital symbol replacements, an asthenia assessment scale, a Bek anxiety scale, a tineta questionnaire, a Tinetti scale, a SF-36 questionnaire (psychological component of health), and a psychological component of health). CGI scale (a general clinical impression scale). The comparable nature of the safety profile of Mexidol and placebo is established.

Conclusion. The validity and expediency of the consistent use of Mexidol and Mexidol Forte 250 in the treatment of patients with chemicals are demonstrated.

Keywords: chronic brain ischemia, cognitive disorders, neuropsychological testing, ethylmethylhydroxypyrididine succinate, Mexidol, Mexidol Forte 250, treatment of chemicals, examination of memes.

Summary:
relevance. Neuroprotection is a mandatory component of intensive care of cerebral disasters in the prehospital and hospital stages of medical care. Target. Identification of the characteristics and adequacy of the ambulance personnel of the methods of neuroprotheres in various cerebral disasters. Materials and methods. To determine the level of knowledge and practical skills of neuroprotection of various cerebral disasters, anonymous voluntary questioning of 109 doctors of the SMP stations and 103 paramedics of the Voronezh city ambulance station was carried out. The effectiveness of the use of neuroprotectors for cerebral disasters was studied using a special protocol attached to the Chargage map of the Voronezh ambulance station. Results. Theoretical training in the neuroprotection section is considered sufficient 75 % of doctors and 57 % of paramedics. 25 % of doctors and 35 % of paramedics are considered insufficient theoretical training. The use of Mexidol intensive therapy in the intensive care of the prehospital stage has a pronounced positive clinical effect.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2021, T. 121, No. 10, Issue. 2

Summary:
in a review article, modern approaches to testing and registration of reproduced (generic) drugs are considered. The history of the formation of a methodology for research of reproduced drugs and modern legislation of the Russian Federation is presented. The stages of confirmation of the equivalence of original and reproduced drugs are described: pharmaceutical equivalence, bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence. Methods of evaluating bioequivalence as a basic study in the registration of reproduced drugs are analyzed in detail. On the example of the original domestic neuroprotector of the drug Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyrididine of succinate) and its generiks described how legislative acts are implemented in practice. It is concluded that not all reproduced drugs can be interchangeable with the original drug.

Keywords: original and reproduced drugs, generics, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, Mexidol.

Place of publication:
neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2021; 13 (6)

Summary:
The review discusses the interchangeability of drugs (drugs), approaches to registering original and reproduced drugs and types of equivalence, as well as problems with generics in clinical practice. The results of pharmacoepidemiological studies, widely leading in recent years, indicate an insufficient study of the influence of reproduced drugs on remote outcomes of chronic diseases, including mortality. The long-term economic prospect of the use of reproduced drugs remains unclear. The main reasons for the difference between the original and reproduced drugs include differences in the methods of synthesis of active substances, as well as as part of auxiliary substances and impurities. Comparative studies of the therapeutic equivalence of generics with the original and are carried out quite rarely and often suffer from methodological disadvantages, which does not guarantee comparable efficiency and safety of such drugs. In this regard, the automatic replacement of drugs containing the same active substance, without the participation of the attending physician, should be avoided.

Keywords: generics; bioequivalence; pharmaceutical equivalence; therapeutic equivalence; interchangeability.

The purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness and safety of the early use of Mexidol in the acute period of severe ischemic stroke (AI). Material and methods. The study included 112 patients aged 35–85 years with severe AI. Patients were divided into two groups comparable by gender and age. The main group (n = 59) received Mexidol at a dose of 400 mg per day intravenously for 10 days and basic therapy. The comparison group (n = 53) received only basic therapy. Results and discussion. In the main group, the share of favorable outcomes in severe AI in both early and delayed treatment (on the Rankin scale) was higher than in the comparison group, and mortality is significantly lower. The results of the study showed that the use of Mexidol increases the effectiveness of therapy. The drug can be recommended for the treatment of patients with severe carotid AI.

Key words: heavy ischemic stroke, Mexidol, treatment.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2019, T. 119, No. 7

Summary:
Purpose of the study. Conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis of the most frequently prescribed drugs of a group of neuroprotectors for the treatment of patients with an ischemic stroke (AI) of a mild and early recovery period in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. Three medical technologies were compared: ethylmethylhydroxypirinate (drug - LP - Mexidol), Inosin + nicotinamide + riboflavin + amber acid (LP cytoflavin) and disordered hemoderivat of blood calves (LP Actovegin). Based on the results of an indirect comparison, a pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out through the following methods: analysis of cost minimization, analysis of “influence on the budget” and sensitivity analysis. Results. Analysis of effectiveness showed that the LP studied have equal efficiency: the difference of the average LP Aktovegin is 0.2 (di min 0.18; max 0.22), Mexol Mexidol LP (confidence interval - di - min 0.25; Max; 0.65), LP cytoflavin - 0.61 (di min 0.23; max 0.99). Analysis of the minimization of costs showed that the cost of a course of the treatment of one patient of the LP Mexol is accompanied by the lowest costs, while saving is observed when assessing both the total costs and individual components: a solution for injection and tablet forms. The savings in comparison with the LP Cytoflavin and LP Aktovegin is 231 rubles. and 12,872 rubles. respectively. It is possible to additionally treat 5 patients with AI Mexidol on saved only from one course. Moreover, the oral therapy of the Mexol Mexidol LP is more economical by 164 rubles. and 3481 rub. Therapies with similar dosage forms of the Cytoflavin and Actoveginal Public Use, which is an advantage for the population in treatment at the outpatient stage. An analysis of the impact on the budget showed that the total costs of the current distribution of patients according to treatment schemes are 1.99 billion rubles. With an increase in the share of patients receiving Mexidol LP, 10% of the total costs will amount to 1.75 billion rubles, which is 240 million rubles. Less current. On saved products, 85 thousand patients with AI can be additionally treated. A two -factor analysis of sensitivity showed that the result of the analysis of minimization of costs and the impact on the budget remains stable when the number of patients and the cost of 1 mg of Mexidol LP per amount from -10% to +10% changes. Conclusion. In the course of the indirect comparison, it was found that the LP Mexidol, the LP Cytoflavin and LP Actovegin are equal in terms of effectiveness. However, the Mexidol LP has an advantage from the point of view of analyzing the minimization of costs: there are enough funds saved from one course to treat 5 patients with II Mexidol. When considering the consequences of increasing the share of patients receiving Mexol's LP, data were also obtained indicating the savings of funds, which allows us to consider the therapy of the LP Mexoli -preserving budget -storage in the treatment of Easy degree in the Russian Federation. Key words: pharmacoeconomics, indirect comparison, analysis of cost minimization, analysis of “influence on the budget”, neuroprotectors, ischemic stroke.

Place of publication:
Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 12, 2018, Issue. 2

Summary:
in the viewing article, a modern concept of mechanisms of antioxidant and antihypoxic effects of the original domestic drug Mexidol (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypirinate) is presented. The direct antioxidant activity of Mexidol is described, which consists in the ability of the drug to inactivate free radicals and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes of glutathioneperoxidase and in vitro superoxidism. The data on the presence of an indirect antioxidant activity in the Mexidol, manifested in an increase in expression in conditions of ischemia of the transcription factor NRF2, which is responsible for the development of cell stability to oxidative stress. The anti -human action of Mexidol is discussed, due to the presence of amber acid in its molecule, which, on the one hand, maintains the operation of the serpentinexidate link in the Krebs cycle under conditions of oxygen, and on the other hand, is associated with its specific receptors (GPR91) and triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions that increase the resistance of the resistance organism to a lack of oxygen. Keywords: Mexidol, ethylmethylhydroxypirinate, antioxidant, antihypoxant.

Summary:
Objectives. To Assess The Effi Cace and Safety of Prolonged Sequential Therapy with Mexidol in Patients with Hemispheric Ischemic Stroke (IS) In the Acute and Early Racovery Phasses. Materials and Methods. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo Controlled, Parallel-Group Study InCluded 151 PATIENTS (62 MEN and 89 Women) Was Performed in Which 150 Aged 40–79 YEARS WERE RANDOMIZED. Simple Randomization Was Ussed to Defi Ne Two Groups: PATIENTS OF GROUP 1 Receved Mexidol Therapy at AT AT AT AT AT AT AT ATRAVENOS INTREaneUNUS Infusion for 10 Days followed BY INLAL DOSES of 1 tablet (125 Mg) Three Times A Day for Eight Weeks. PATIENTS OF GROUP 2 Receved Placebo by the Same Protocol. The Duration of Involved in the Trial Was 67–71 Days. Results. At the end of Treatment, Mean Scores on the Modifi Ed Rankin Scale (MRS) Were Lower in Group 1 That Group 2 (P = 0.04). Decresses in Mean Mrs Scores (At Visits 1–5) Were More Marked in Group 1 (P = 0.023). The Proportion of Patience Achieving Recovery Corresponding to 0–2 Points on the Mrs (At Visit 5) was Signifi Cantly Greater in Group 1 (P = 0.039). Testing on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at Visit 5 Gave A Signifi Cantly Lower Score in Group 1 (P = 0.035). Decreases in Scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at the End of Treatment Relative to the Baseline Level in Patients with Diabetes Were More Marked In Group 1 (P = P = P = 0 .038). In Group 1, The Total Population and the SubpopPulation of Paty Diabetes Mellitus Showed Morked Improvements in Quality of Life, Whis Apparent by Visit 2 Ion of Pathers with the Diffi Culty Mobilizing Was Signifi Cantly Greater in Group 1 (P = 0.022 ). There were no signifi carcasses in the frequencies of advers in patents of the Two Groups. Conclusions. Use of Mexidol in the Acute and Early Recovery Phasses of is IS Recommoded. Keywords: Acute Cerebrovascular Accident, Mexidol, EthylMethylhydroxypyridine Succinate, Effi Cace and Safety, Ischemic Stroke, Acute Phase, Early Reacovery Phase, Epica .

Place of publication:
New therapeutic magazine "Non Nocera", May 2024

Summary:
Cerebrovascular diseases (CVP) retain in the modern world a leading position in the rating of the incidence and disability of the population of most countries. Metabolic disorders, being important risk factors for the development of CVP, are also widespread in populations regardless of gender and age. The frequent combination of CVP and metabolic disorders, including somatic and abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinosulinemia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, is a bridgehead for the rapid development of complications. One of the early manifestations of such a comorbid union is the formation of vegetative disorders. It is known that vegetative disorders are most often secondary, that is, they arise against the background of existing somatic or mental diseases, but can also develop when exposed to psychogenic factors (stress reaction, adaptation disorders, psychosomatic diseases, anxious and depressive disorders). The most common causes of the development of autonomic dysfunction are organic diseases of the nervous system and somatic diseases, including metabolic and hormonal.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2024, T. 124, No. 4

Summary:
Purpose of the study. Assessment of the effect of the pharmacological modulation of the rehabilitation process with Mexidol with a rehabilitation component of the rehabilitation treatment of cognitive-emotional disorders in patients who have undergone acute cerebral deficiency (scenario) due to acute cerebrovascular impairment or cranial-brain injury. Material and methods. A randomized intervention prospective study was carried out, which consisted of 5 visits. Patients are divided into main groups (OG, N = 30, received standard therapy and Mexidol in/B 500 mg/day 10 days with the subsequent prescription of the drug Mexidol Forter 250, orally, 1 tablet 3 times a day 8 weeks) and comparison (GS, N = 30, received only standard therapy for 66 days). Results. The OG has a comparable to the HS improvement of cognitive functions (p <0.001) (in both groups, improving the results of the Schulte test according to the criteria “Effectiveness of Work” and “The total execution time”, on the Moca scale (for visit 5 - 23.8 ± 2, 6 and 22.9 ± 3.0 points, p = 0.227)). The significant superiority of the OG over the GS is shown in terms of such indicators as a decrease in the severity of anxiety (HADS scale), a visit 4 - 2.6 ± 2.4 versus 4.4 ± 2.4 points (p = 0.004), and depression (Beka scale) , visit 3 - 7.5 ± 4.5 versus 11.4 ± 5.6 points (p = 0.005). The tendency of the superiority of the OG according to muscle power (MRC scale), a visit 4 - 3.3 ± 5.1 versus 2.1 ± 2.2 points (p = 0.051) and the level of vital activity (according to RM), a visit 5 - 2, 9 ± 0.7 versus 3.3 ± 0.6 points (p = 0.053). The statistically significant increase in the mobility of the patients of the OG compared to the GS (the difference in the values ​​of the Rivermid index is 5 - 10.3 ± 2.8 and 8.0 ± 2.8 points, p = 0.006), the average increase in the Rivermide index for visits 5 - 5.4 ± 2.1 versus 3.4 ± 1.6 points (p <0.001). The decrease in the points of the consequences of intensive care (Pets) in both groups was revealed, the statistically significant decrease in the severity of Pits in relation to the previous visit was revealed only in OG (p <0.001). The OG also determined the best, compared to control, indicators of the dynamics of systolic velocity of cerebral blood flow and overshoot coefficient. The study did not record undesirable phenomena (nya). Conclusion. A positive modulating effect of Mexidol was demonstrated with respect to accelerating the restoration of tolerance to cognitive loads, improving the psycho -emotional background by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and secondary improvement of motor rehabilitation results in the early recovery period in patients who suffered the scenes, including with Pets manifestations. During the study, Nyu and significant differences in vital functions are not registered, which indicates the comparable safety of therapy in OG and HS. Keywords: acute cerebral failure, Mexidol, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, Bek scale, modulating effect, Mexidolneuro2023.

Place of publication:
a journal of neurology and psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakova, 2024, T. 124, No. 3, Issue. 2

Summary:
ischemic stroke (AI) is an acute life -burning state, its outcome is determined by the degree of damage to brain tissue, the quality and rate of medical care in the first minutes and hours of the disease. An important mechanism for damage to brain tissue both with ischemia and reperfusion is oxidative stress. The review considers the adverse effect of oxidative stress with ischemia and brain reperfusion of AI. The results of preclinical studies are presented that demonstrate the ability of Mexidol to eliminate the effect of free radicals, to activate antioxidant protection. The data of clinical studies of the use of Mexidol in combination with thrombolytic therapy in patients with AI are considered. Key words: ischemic stroke, revascularization, oxidative stress, Mexidol.